- Ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezinhlobo zomkhiqizo kanye nezinhlobo zokwakha kusetshenziswa i-Gradle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa.
- Ukulawulwa okuningiliziwe kwe-SDK, izikhala zamagama, kanye nama-ID ohlelo lokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuhlukile ku-Google Play.
- Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-IDE kanye nohlelo lokwakha lwezindawo ezivinjelwe izinsiza.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwemitapo yolwazi ye-C++ kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekilasi le-BuildConfig ezindaweni ezishintshashintshayo.
Uma ungena ekuthuthukisweni kweselula, cishe usuqaphele ukuthi ukusetha ukwakha akuyona nje indaba yokucindezela inkinobho yokuqalisa. Uhlelo lokwakha lwe-Android luyinjini ethatha yonke ikhodi yakho kanye nezinsiza bese iziguqula zibe ifayela le-APK noma i-Android App Bundle (AAB), okuyiziphakheji ezifinyelela kumadivayisi abasebenzisi ekugcineni.
Ukuze konke lokhu kusebenze kahle, i-Android Studio ithembele ku- Gradle kanye ne-plugin yayo ezinikele , okusivumela ukuthi senze ngokwezifiso konke kusukela kusiginesha yohlelo lokusebenza kuya kuzinguqulo zesistimu yokusebenza esizozisekela. Akulula ekuqaleni, kodwa uma usuyazi kahle indlela yokuhlela izinhlobo zakho kanye nokuncika kwakho, ungakhipha izinhlobo zamahhala, ezikhokhelwayo, noma ezivivinywayo ngaphandle kokukopisha iphrojekthi yakho.
Inhliziyo yesakhiwo: I-Gradle namafayela ayo
Ukuze siphathe inqubo yokwakha, sidinga ukusebenzisana namafayela amaningana ombhalo asebenzisa izilimi ezifana neKotlin DSL noma iGroovy. Okokuqala, sineGradle Wrapper (gradlew) , okuyinto enhle kakhulu ngoba iqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ithimba lisebenzisa inguqulo efanayo yeGradle, okuvimbela isimo esivamile sokuthi "isebenza emshinini wami".
Emsukeni wephrojekthi, sithola ifayela elithi settings.gradle.kts , lapho sitshela khona iGradle ukuthi yimaphi amamojula ayingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza bese silungiselela ama-repository. Bese kuba nefayela elithi build.gradle elisezingeni eliphezulu , elichaza izinguqulo ze-plugin ezizokwabelwana ngazo phakathi kwawo wonke amamojula. Kodwa igugu langempela ifayela elithi build.gradle elisezingeni le-module , lapho silungiselela khona imininingwane ethile yohlelo lokusebenza, njenge-SDK kanye nokuncika.
Ukuqonda i-Android SDK
Ukuhlela i-SDK kubalulekile ukuvimbela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuthi lungashabalali kumadivayisi amadala noma luphelelwe yisikhathi. I- compileSdk ichaza ukuthi yimaphi ama-API e-Android atholakalayo ngenkathi ubhala ikhodi; ngokufanelekile, kufanele usebenzise inguqulo yakamuva njalo ukuze usebenzise izici ezintsha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- minSdk ingumugqa obomvu: noma iyiphi idivayisi enenguqulo engaphansi kwale ngeke ikwazi ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa i- targetSdk , etshela uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi sesivele siluhlolile uhlelo lokusebenza kulolo hlobo oluthile. Uma idivayisi inenguqulo entsha ye-Android kune-target yethu, uhlelo luzosebenzisa imodi yokuhambisana ukuze luvimbele uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi lungaziphathi ngendlela engafanele.
Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo nezinhlobo zokwakha
Yilapho izinto ziba mnandi khona. Izinhlobo Zokwakha Zisebenza ukuhlukanisa izigaba zokukhula. Ngokuzenzakalelayo sinazo debugokuvumela ukulungisa amaphutha futhi kusebenzisa ukhiye ojwayelekile, kanye release, okuyinguqulo elungiselelwe, efihliwe, nesayiniwe yomphakathi.
Uma ufuna ukuqalisa inguqulo ethi "Lite" kanye nenguqulo ethi "Pro", kufanele usebenzise Ukunambitheka KomkhiqizoLokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwekhodi evamile kodwa kushintsha izinsiza noma imisebenzi kuye ngenguqulo. Uma sihlanganisa uhlobo lokwakha nohlobo lomkhiqizo, sithola uhlobo lokuhlanganiswa (ngokwesibonelo, demoDebugUkuze siphathe lokhu, sisebenzisa ubukhulu bezinhlobo ezahlukeneokukuvumela ukuthi uqoqe ukunambitheka okuhlukile kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza bese ukuxuba.
Ukuphathwa kwe-ID kanye ne-Namespace
El i-applicationId Lena i-ID yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ku-Google Play; uma uyishintsha ngemva kokushicilela, isitolo sizocabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza olusha ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa applicationIdSuffix ukuze inguqulo yokulungisa iphutha ibe ne-ID ehlukile futhi ingafakwa zombili izinguqulo kufoni efanayo ephathekayo ngaphandle kokushayisana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i -namespace ichaza iphakheji lapho kukhiqizwa khona amakilasi e-R kanye ne-BuildConfig. Nakuba kunconywa ukuthi i-namespace kanye ne-applicationId kufane ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga, kungenzeka ukuzihlukanisa uma udinga ukuhlela kabusha ikhodi yomthombo ngaphandle kokushintsha ubunikazi bohlelo lokusebenza esitolo.
Ukulungiselelwa kwesiginesha nokuphepha
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhipha alukwazi ukusatshalaliswa uma lungasayinwanga. Kulokhu, sidinga isitolo sezikhiye kanye nokhiye oyimfihlo. Kubalulekile ukungabhali amaphasiwedi ngqo kufayela le-Gradle; umkhuba omuhle kakhulu ukuwalayisha kusuka eziguquguquki zemvelo noma ifayela lezakhiwo zasendaweni elingalayishwanga kulawulo lwenguqulo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwe-IDE
I-Android Studio ingaba yi-RAM hog. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, ungahlela ifayela le -studio.vmoptions bese wandisa usayizi we-heap omkhulu (Xmx). Uma ikhompyutha yakho isebenza ngezinsiza eziphansi, kungcono ukunika amandla i-Power Saving Mode , ukhubaze ukuhlolwa kwe-lint okungadingekile, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, lungisa iphutha kudivayisi ebonakalayo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-emulator.
Ku-Windows, isofthiwe ye-antivirus inganciphisa inqubo yokwakha ngokuskena ifayela ngalinye elidalwa yi-Gradle. Isixazululo ukukhipha amafolda e-Gradle , i-Android SDK, kanye namaphrojekthi ekuskeni kwesikhathi sangempela ukuze uthole ukukhushulwa okukhulu kwesivinini.
Ukusebenzisa i-BuildConfig kanye ne-Native Libraries
Ikilasi I-BuildConfig Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile iGradle elilikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lisazisa uma sikwimodi DEBUG o RELEASE ngekhodi, efanelekile kakhulu fihla izingodo ekukhiqizweni noma shintsha i-URL yeseva phakathi kwendawo yokuthuthukiswa nendawo ebukhoma.
Kulabo abadinga amandla aluhlaza, i-Android Studio ivumela ukuhlanganiswa I-C++ isebenzisa i-CMake noma i-ndk-buildSingaxhumanisa amaphrojekthi angaphandle futhi silawule ukuthi yini. Ama-ABI (izixhumi ezimbili)Sifuna ukupakisha sisebenzisa abiFiltersukuvimbela ifayela lokugcina ukuthi libe likhulu kakhulu ngokufaka izakhiwo esingazidingi.
Ukuhlela Amasethi Omthombo
I-Gradle ihlela ikhodi ibe amasethi emvelaphiUhla lwemibhalo src/main/ Iqukethe lokho okwabelwana yiwo wonke umuntu, kodwa singakha amafolda afana nalawa src/debug/ o src/full/ ukufaka ikhodi ekhona kuphela kuleyo nguqulo. Kukhona eyodwa ukuhlelwa kwezinto eziza kuqala: amafayela kuhlobo lokwakha aqala kuqala kunalawo ohlobo lokwakha, futhi lawa ngaphezu kwalawo ohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nekhodi eyinhloko.
Ngalo lonke lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwamafayela okucushwa, ukuphathwa kwememori, kanye nokusikwa kwenguqulo, kungenzeka ukuguqula iphrojekthi elula ibe yingqalasizinda yobungcweti ekwazi ukukala nokujwayela kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-Android, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokupakisha isebenza kahle futhi ukusatshalaliswa esitolo kuphephile.