- I-Latency isikhathi sedatha sokubuya nokubuya futhi inquma isivinini sangempela lapho uxhumano lwakho luphendula khona, ngale kwama-megabytes anqunyelwe.
- Ibanga, indlela yokudlulisa, inani lama-hops, ukuminyana, kanye nekhwalithi yehadiwe yizinto ezibalulekile ezikhulisa noma zinciphise ukubambezeleka.
- Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kubalulekile emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, kumakholi wevidiyo, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamafu, ekuhwebeni, kanye nasezinsizakalweni zebhizinisi zesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukusebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet, ukwenza ngcono i-router, ukunciphisa ukuminyana, ukukhetha amaseva aseduze, kanye nokusebenzisa i-CDN kanye nokugcina isikhashana kumaseva kusiza ekunciphiseni ukubambezeleka.
Uma sikhuluma ngekhwalithi yokuxhumeka kwethu kwe-inthanethi, cishe wonke umuntu ubheka kuphela isivinini sokulanda nokulayisha ngama-megabits ngomzuzwana. Kodwa-ke, Kukhona ipharamitha ethule eyenza umehluko wangempela endleleni esibona ngayo i-inthanethi: ukubambezeleka.Ungase ube ne-fiber esheshayo kakhulu, kodwa uma isikhathi sokuphendula siphezulu, uzobona ukungasebenzi, ukubambezeleka, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okukhungathekisayo.
Lo mqondo uhlobene eduze nomlando odumile ping, kuya Ukulibaziseka kwemidlalo yevidiyo, izingcingo zevidiyo ezizwakala zizwakala zinomsindo, amapulatifomu amafu abonakala engathintitha noma kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezibucayi ezisabela ngokubambezeleka kwemizuzwana. Emigqeni elandelayo, sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyini ukubambezeleka, yini ekubangelayo, kungani kubaluleke kangaka ekhaya nasemabhizinisini, ukuthi ungakulinganisa kanjani, ukuthi kuhlobana kanjani nezinye izinhlaka zenethiwekhi, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze ugcine kuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kuyini ukubambezeleka kwe-inthanethi futhi kuyini i-ping?
Indlela elula yokuqonda ukubambezeleka ukucabanga ngakho njengokuthi isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi iphakethe ledatha lihambe lisuka kudivayisi yakho liye kuseva bese libuyaKuyisikhathi esingenakugwenywa, kodwa kungaba kuncane kakhulu noma kube kukhulu kakhulu kuye ngekhwalithi yenethiwekhi. Kulinganiswa ngama-millisecond (ms), futhi uma inombolo iphansi, ukuxhumana kuzobonakala "kushesha".
Uma uthumela noma yiluphi ulwazi nge-inthanethi, luhlukaniswa lube amabhulokhi amancane noma amaphakethe. Ukubambezeleka yisikhathi esidlula kusukela lapho iphakethe liphuma kukhompyutha yakho kuze kube yilapho kufika impendulo yeseva.Uma leso sikhathi siphezulu, sibona ukusabela okuhamba kancane: ucindezela inkinobho bese iwebhusayithi ithatha isikhathi ukuphendula, uthwebula umdlalo bese isenzo sibonakala ngokubambezeleka, ukhuluma ocingweni lwevidiyo bese omunye umuntu ekuzwa sekwephuzile.
Leli gama ping Lena yindlela evamile yokukala ukubambezeleka. a ping umyalo Ithuluzi lithumela iphakethe lokuhlola (isicelo se-echo) ekhelini futhi libonisa isikhathi esithathayo ukuze impendulo ibuye. Lelo nani, elivezwe ku-ms, yi-ping edumile oyibonayo ekuhlolweni kwesivinini. Ngobuchwepheshe, lihambisana nesikhathi sokuya nokubuya (RTT). isikhathi sohambo oluya nokubuya) yephakheji.
Eminye imiqondo ehlobene nayo isetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke. Isibonelo, Igama elithi "lag" lisetshenziswa ngokungahleliwe ukubhekisela ekubambezelekeni esikubonayo lapho sisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwenethiwekhi.Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokubambezeleka, izinkinga zokucubungula, noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwesistimu. Nakuba kungelona igama lobuchwepheshe kuphela, selidumile kakhulu ezweni lemidlalo.
Ngokombono osemthethweni, leli gama liyasetshenziswa futhi I-RTT (isikhathi sokuya nokubuya) ukuchaza isikhathi esiphelele phakathi kwesicelo nempenduloI-Ping iyindlela ethile yokuyilinganisa usebenzisa uhlelo, kodwa empeleni yomibili imiqondo ikhomba emcabangweni ofanayo: ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngempela ukuthi inethiwekhi "isabela".
Umehluko phakathi kokubambezeleka, isivinini, umkhawulokudonsa, kanye nezinye izinhlaka
Ngokuvamile amagama ayadidaniswa bese konke kuhlanganiswa ndawonye. Kodwa-ke, Isivinini, umkhawulokudonsa, ukubambezeleka, ukudlula, i-jitter, kanye nokulahleka kwephakethe kuchaza izinto ezahlukene.noma ngabe bahlobene.
Uma umqhubi ekuthengisa i-fiber engu-600 Mbps, empeleni ukhuluma ngayo I-bandwidth: Inani eliphezulu ledatha elingageleza "ngepayipi" lenethiwekhi yakho ngomzuzwana owodwaUma i-bandwidth inkulu, kulapho ungadlulisela khona ulwazi oluningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuyinto ebalulekile ekulandeni okukhulu, ekusakazeni okunesinqumo esiphezulu, noma kubantu abaningi abaxhumene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubambezeleka kufana kakhulu isivinini amaconsi amanzi ahamba ngaso kulelo phayiphiUngaba nepayipi elikhulu (ama-Mbps amaningi), kodwa uma amanzi ethatha isikhathi eside ukuhamba kulo (ukubambezeleka okuphezulu), umuzwa wejubane ozimele ungase ungabi muhle kangako, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini edinga impendulo esheshayo.
El I-Throughput yivolumu yangempela yedatha edlula kunethiwekhi ngesikhathi esithile.Ngokuvamile iphansi kune-bandwidth yethiyori ngenxa yokubambezeleka, ukuminyana, amaphrothokholi, nezinye izici. Ngakho-ke, umugqa one-bandwidth engu-300 Mbps, empeleni, ungase usebenze ku-150 Mbps ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu kakhulu futhi ube ngaphezulu kakhulu ebusuku.
La I-Jitter ukuhluka kokulibaziseka phakathi kwamaphakethe alandelanayoAkukhona nje kuphela ngokubambezeleka okuphansi; kudinga futhi ukuthi kuzinzile. Uma iphakethe elilodwa lithatha ama-ms angu-20, ama-ms angu-80 alandelayo, bese kuba ama-ms angu-25 alandelayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela ziyahlupheka ngoba idatha ifika ingahlelekile noma iqhuma, okubangela ukuyeka, ukweqa umsindo, noma ividiyo engasebenzi kahle.
La Ukulahleka kwephakethe kulinganisa iphesenti lamabhulokhi edatha angafiki lapho aya khonaUma kufika amaphakethe angu-91 kwangu-100 athunyelwe, lokho kuwukulahlekelwa okungu-9%. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izithombe ziphendukezelwe, kukhishwe izingcingo, kufakwe amaphutha okulayisha amakhasi, noma kudingeke ukuthi kuthunyelwe kabusha idatha, okwandisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka okuphelele.
Izinhlobo zokubambezeleka: inethiwekhi, ukucubungula, kanye nomugqa
Uma uhlaziya kahle ukusebenza kwesistimu, umuntu akakhulumi nje ngokubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokugcina kuthonywa izinhlobo eziningana zokulibaziseka ezihlangana ndawonye.Futhi kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyihlasele:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona i- ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi uqobo, okuyisikhathi esithathayo ukuze idatha ihambe phakathi kweklayenti nesevaYilapho ibanga lendawo, indlela yokudlulisa idatha, ama-hops aphakathi, ama-router, kanye nezixhumanisi ze-inter-operator zisebenza khona.
Sithole futhi Ukucubungula ukubambezeleka, okuyisikhathi esithathayo ukuze imishini icubungule idathaAkusikho konke ukubambezeleka okubangelwa yindlela engokoqobo: iseva ingadinga isikhathi sokwenza umbuzo, ukucubungula i-logic yebhizinisi, ukubhala ngemfihlo noma ukususa ukubethela ulwazi, noma ukukhiqiza impendulo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Kukhona futhi Ukubambezeleka komugqa, okwenzeka lapho idatha ilinde ithuba layo ekucubunguleni imigqa noma ama-buffer edivayisi yenethiwekhiUma i-router noma iseva igcwele ngokweqile, noma ngabe indlela imfushane, amaphakethe angabanjwa ngaphambi kokuba acutshungulwe, okwandisa ukubambezeleka okuqongelelekile.
Izici ezithonya ukubambezeleka kwe-inthanethi
Ukubambezeleka akuxhomekile entweni eyodwa ehlukanisiwe. Kungumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezici zomzimba, ezinengqondo, kanye nezimo zokwakheka okuthi, uma kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, kunqume ukuthi impendulo yenethiwekhi izoshesha noma ihambe kancane kangakanani.
Esinye sezici ezinquma kakhulu yi- ibanga lendawo phakathi kwedivayisi yakho neseva oxhuma kuyoNakuba idatha ihamba ngokushesha kakhulu, ayikwenzi lokho ngokushesha. Kuma-fiber optics, isignali ihamba cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-200,000/s, ngaphansi kakhulu kwesivinini sokukhanya endaweni engenalutho. Uma useSpain futhi ufinyelela iseva kwelinye izwekazi, uhambo oluya nokubuya lungangeza kalula ngaphezu kwama-ms ayi-100, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu.
El I-transmission medium nayo yenza umehluko ocacileAmanethiwekhi ka Ama-fiber optic asemhlabeni anikeza ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhuluLokhu kulandelwa eduze ukuxhumeka kwethusi kwesimanje. I-WiFi iletha ukubambezeleka okukhulu kanye nokuguquguquka, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka noma ukumbozwa okubi. Ukufinyelela kwesathelayithi, ikakhulukazi lokho okuncike kumasathelayithi e-geostationary, kuhlupheka kakhulu: idatha kufanele ihambe phezulu naphansi isuka emkhathini, inezela amakhulu ama-millisecond okulibaziseka okungenakugwenywa.
Esinye isici esiyinhloko yi- inani lama-hops iphakethe ledatha okumele lenze kusukela emthonjeni kuya endaweni oya kuyoUkugxuma ngakunye kuhilela ukudlula ku-router noma kudivayisi yokushintsha ehlola, iqondise, futhi idlulise amaphakethe. Ngayinye yalezi divayisi yengeza ukubambezeleka okuncane, ngakho-ke, konke okunye kulingana, ukugxuma okumbalwa kuvame ukusho ukubambezeleka okuphansi.
La ikhwalithi kanye nobudala behadiwe yenethiwekhi, kokubili ohlangothini lomsebenzisi kanye nohlangothi lomhlinzeki wesevisiLokhu kubalulekile futhi. Ama-router asekhaya amadala ane-firmware esidala noma amamodeli asezingeni eliphansi kakhulu angadala izithiyo futhi anciphise ijubane lokudlulisa amaphakethe. Kunjalo nangokushintsha okugcwele ngokweqile, amaseva ahamba kancane, noma izinhlelo zokuphepha ezincane.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi noma ukugcwalaUma abasebenzisi abaningi babelana ngesixhumanisi noma ingqalasizinda efanayo, kudala isimo esifana nokuminyana kwezimoto emgwaqweni omkhulu: amaphakethe ancintisana ngomthombo ofanayo futhi aqoqana emigqeni, okwandisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokushaqeka. Lo mphumela ubonakala kakhulu ngezikhathi zomsebenzi omatasa, kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi omphakathi, noma emabhizinisini anamadivayisi amaningi kakhulu abelana ngomthamo olinganiselwe.
Ukubambezeleka, i-inthanethi ye-fiber optic, kanye nokuxhumeka okusheshayo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-fiber optics isizisungule njengokhetho oluyinhloko lwamakhaya namabhizinisi afuna ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ukuzinza kanye nomthamo wokukhulaNgokungafani ne-ADSL noma ukuxhumana okungenantambo okuningi, i-fiber isebenzisa ama-pulse okukhanya ukuthwala ulwazi, okuvumela izindlela eziqondile kakhulu kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane.
Umugqa we-fiber optic osayizi ofanele uvumela gcina ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu ngisho nangamadivayisi amaningi axhunyiweLokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zobungcweti ezisebenza nemihlangano yevidiyo esezingeni eliphezulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamafu, amadeskithophu akude, izinhlelo zezimali, noma izixazululo zokubambisana zesikhathi sangempela. Inethiwekhi isabela ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha okukhulu, ithuthukisa ngqo umkhiqizo.
Kumabhizinisi akhulayo, i-fiber optics inikeza enye inzuzo ecacile: Kuyisisekelo esiqinile sokwandisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokwandisa ukubambezeleka.Ngisho noma inani labasebenzisi noma ukuthengiselana landa, ingqalasizinda yefayibha eklanywe kahle ingaqhubeka nokunikeza izikhathi zokuphendula eziqinile inqobo nje uma imishini yenethiwekhi namaseva ekwazi ukwenza umsebenzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-ADSL, ukuxhumana kweselula ukumbozwa okuphansi noma isathelayithi yendabuko Zivame ukubonisa ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kakhuluNakuba isivinini sokulanda singase samukeleke ekusetshenzisweni okuyisisekelo, lokhu kubonakala kakhulu emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-virtual reality, ukuhweba ngesikhathi sangempela, noma ukulawula idivayisi ekude.
Kungani ukubambezeleka kubaluleke kangaka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwedijithali
Empeleni, ukubambezeleka kunquma ukuthi i-inthanethi "iyaphila" kanjani uma usebenzisana nabanye abasebenzisi noma nezinsizakalo ezincike esikhathini sangempelaUma uhlola i-imeyili noma ufunda iwebhusayithi elula, kungase kungabonakali, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ukuxhumana sekuba nzima, umthelela wako ubonakala ngokushesha.
En los Emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi encintisanayo, ama-millisecond ambalwa enza umehluko omkhulu.Umdlali one-ping engu-20ms uzobona isenzo cishe ngesikhathi sangempela, kuyilapho umuntu one-100ms ezohlala ephuzile: amashothi angabhalisi, afike lapho ngokubambezeleka, izinhlamvu "ezigxuma" zisuka kwelinye iphuzu ziye kwelinye ngenxa yokubambezeleka... Yingakho amapulatifomu amaningi evimba abasebenzisi ngokubambezeleka okuphezulu ngokweqile noma abathumele kumaseva angadingi kakhulu.
En izingcingo zevidiyo, imihlangano ebonakalayo, noma amakilasi aku-inthanethiUkulibaziseka okuphezulu kudala ukuthula okungajwayelekile, amazwi ahambisanayo, ukungavumelani komsindo nesithombe, kanye nomuzwa wengxoxo ephindaphindayo. Lezi zinkinga ziyakhathaza kakhulu kunalokho ezibonakala ziyikho futhi zinciphisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleke abantu abaningana.
I-Las izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi zesikhathi sangempela, njengezinkundla zokuhweba, amathuluzi okubambisana kwamafu, noma izinhlelo zesevisi yamakhasimendeFuthi bazwela kakhulu ekubambezelekeni. Umzuzwana ngamunye owengeziwe usho ukulahlekelwa amathuba, amaphutha ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuvumelanisa, noma ukukhungatheka kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Ezinkampanini eziningi, ukwenza ngcono ukubambezeleka kuyindlela ehlakaniphile njengokwandisa i-bandwidth.
Kukhona futhi ukusetshenziswa okuthuthukile kakhulu, njengokuthi ukuzenzakalela kwekhaya, izimoto ezixhunyiwe, izinhlelo zokulawula kude, noma i-virtual realitylapho isikhathi sokuphendula sibalulekile khona. Uma imoto ezimele, irobhothi lezimboni, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweqiniso elixubile kufanele lenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe kudatha efika sekwephuzile, ingozi yokwehluleka iyanda. Kufunwa ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu nokuzinzile lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto ezixhunyiwe Ziyisibonelo esihle sohlobo lwezinsizakalo ezidinga izimpendulo zesikhathi sangempela.
Ngisho nasezinsizeni ezibonakala zingazweli kakhulu, njengochungechunge lokusakaza, Ukubambezeleka okunengqondo kanye ne-jitter ephansi kusiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kanye nokuma kancane lapho uqala ukudlalaUkufaka i-buffering kungalungisa ingxenye yenkinga, kodwa uma ukubambezeleka kushintsha kakhulu noma inethiwekhi ilahlekelwa yiphakethe, uzogcina ubona i-load loop edumile kaningi kunalokho ongathanda.
Ungakala kanjani ukubambezeleka koxhumo lwakho
Ukuze wazi ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lusebenza kahle yini, akwanele ukubheka nje ama-megabyte owabhalisele. Ukulinganisa ukubambezeleka kulula futhi kukunikeza umbono ocacile wekhwalithi yangempela yenethiwekhi.ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okusebenzisanayo.
Indlela elula ukusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwesivinini okuku-inthanethiLawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile abonisa amanani amathathu ayinhloko: isivinini sokulanda, isivinini sokulayisha, kanye ne-ping. I-Ping, evezwa ngama-millisecond, iwukubambezeleka okulinganiselwe phakathi kwedivayisi yakho neseva yokuhlola yomqhubi noma umhlinzeki.
Uma ufuna ukuthola okuqondile, ungaphendukela ku- Izinhlelo ezithile zokulinganisa ukubambezeleka nokulandelela indlela elandelwa amaphaketheAmathuluzi afana ne-WinMTR noma izinsiza ezifanayo zikuvumela ukuthi ubone i-hop ngayinye ephakathi nesikhathi esingeziwe, okusiza ukuthola izithiyo noma izingxenye ezihamba kancane kakhulu.
Enye inketho ukukwenza ngesandla ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza uqobo. Ku-Windows, isibonelo, udinga nje vula ikhonsoli (i-CMD) bese usebenzisa umyalo ping kulandelwe ikheli le-IP noma isizinda, njenge-ping google.com. Uzobona ukubambezeleka okujwayelekile nokuthi kuyahlukahluka kanjani phakathi kokudluliselwa okuningi. Ngomyalo ithrekhi Ungabuka futhi konke ukugxuma okuya endaweni oya kuyo.
Ngezinjongo zokuqondisa, Ekuxhumekeni kwefayibha yasekhaya, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile ukubambezeleka okuphakathi kuka-10 no-50 ms.Kuye ngendawo yeseva kanye nezimo zenethiwekhi, ukubambezeleka kungahluka. Kumageyimu okuncintisanayo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu, ukubambezeleka okungaphansi kwama-20 ms kuyinjongo. Ngaphezu kwama-100 ms, ukubambezeleka kuba yinkinga enkulu ekusebenziseni okubanzi okusebenzisanayo.
Yimaphi amanani okubambezeleka angabhekwa njengalungile?
Ayikho inombolo eyodwa yomlingo esebenza kuyo yonke into, kodwa kunezinhlobo zemihlahlandlela ezamukelekayo kabanzi. Lokho okubhekwa “njengokuhle” kuncike kakhulu ekutheni uzolusebenzisa kanjani uxhumano. kanye nezinga lakho lokulindela.
para Imisebenzi engadingi sidingo, njengokuphequlula amawebhusayithi, ukuhlola i-imeyili, noma ukwenza izingcingo zevidiyo ezilulaOkungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlose ukuyigcina ingaphansi kwama-ms ayi-100. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambezeleka kuba yinto ebonakala kakhulu, yize abantu abaningi bengaphila nayo uma bengenzi imisebenzi enzima yesikhathi sangempela.
Uma sikhuluma ngakho imidlalo yevidiyo eku-inthanethi, i-virtual reality, noma amapulatifomu ezezimaliIzinto ziyashintsha. Kulezi zimo, umphumela ofiselekayo uwukuthi ungadluli ku-50 msAbadlali abaningi begeyimu nochwepheshe bahlose ukubambezeleka okungaphansi kwama-40 ms. Uma ukubambezeleka kusondele kuma-20 ms noma ngaphansi, ukuxhumana kuzoba ngokwemvelo futhi kunembile.
Amanani angaphansi kwama-ms angu-20 abhekwa njengafanele kakhulu cishe kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa. Ukubambezeleka kwenombolo eyodwa, uma kufinyelelwa, kusondela umuzwa wokuphendula okusheshayo., nakuba empeleni kuhlale kukhona ukubambezeleka okuncane ngokomzimba.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokubambezeleka kanye nokuphepha kwe-cyber
Ukubambezeleka akuthinti nje kuphela ulwazi lomsebenzisi; Kuphinde kuthonye indlela inhlangano engazivikela ngayo ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi.Izinsongo zihamba ngesivinini senethiwekhi, futhi uma amathuluzi okuphepha namaqembu esabela sekwephuzile, ithuba lokulawula umonakalo liyancipha kakhulu. Yingakho kubalulekile. ukuzivikela ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber ngezinqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusheshayo.
Ekuhlaselweni kuka i-ransomware, i-malware ethuthukisiwe, i-DDoS noma izinsongo eziqhubekayoImizuzwana yonke yokubambezeleka phakathi kokutholwa, ukuhlaziywa, kanye nokuphendula kuyithuba lomhlaseli. Izinhlelo zokuqapha, ama-firewall, izixazululo zokutholwa kanye nokuphendula, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphepha kwamafu zidinga ukubambezeleka okuphansi ukuze zihlobanise imicimbi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi zisebenzise izindlela zokuzivikela.
Ngaphandle kokubambezeleka kobuchwepheshe kuphela, singakhuluma ngakho Ukubambezeleka kwezikhungo: isikhathi esithatha inkampani ukucubungula ulwazi nokwenza izinqumoIzinqubo ezihamba kancane, ubuholi obuphezulu ngokweqile, noma ukuntuleka kokuzenzakalelayo kungenza isigameko esilawulekayo sibe ukwephulwa okukhulu ngoba nje ukusabela kuyephuza.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, izinhlangano eziningi ziyahlangana Izinhlelo zokuphatha ukuphepha kolwazi (i-SMS): izinqubomgomo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukubambezelekaLokhu kusebenza kokubili kwingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi kanye nokusebenza kwangaphakathi. Kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-ISO 27001 kanye nezinye izindinganiso zokuphepha kwe-cyber, futhi kuthuthukisa amakhono okuphendula ezigamekweni jikelele.
Indlela yokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kokuxhumana kwakho
Nakuba kungezona zonke izinto ezingaphansi kolawulo lwakho (awukwazi ukufinyeza ulwandle noma ukuhambisa iseva edolobheni lakho), kunezindlela eziningana ezisebenzayo ezingasetshenziswa. Zisiza ukugcina ukubambezeleka kulawulwa futhi zithuthukise ukuzinza kwenethiwekhikokubili ekhaya nasezindaweni zebhizinisi.
Isincomo sokuqala cishe siyinto yakudala: Sebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet noma nini lapho kunokwenzekaI-WiFi ilula, kodwa iletha ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe futhi isengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka, ibanga ukusuka ku-router, kanye nezithiyo ezibonakalayo njengezindonga. Ukuxhuma ikhompyutha yakho noma ikhonsoli ngekhebula kunikeza uxhumano oluzinzile kakhulu nge-ping ephansi.
Kubuye kube lula Gcina yonke imishini yenethiwekhi ivuselelwe futhi isebenza kahle y cabanga ngemikhuba efana nokungacimi i-router ebusukuAma-router amadala ane-firmware yakudala noma amamodeli alula kakhulu angaba yisithiyo. Ukukhetha i-router yesimanje enokusekelwa kwe-QoS (Ikhwalithi Yesevisi) kanye nobuchwepheshe obuklanyelwe ngqo imidlalo noma ukusakaza kusiza ukubeka phambili ithrafikhi ezwela ukubambezeleka kunemisebenzi engabalulekile kangako.
Esinye isilinganiso esisebenzayo yi Nciphisa ukugcwala kwezixhumanisi ngokuvala izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi asebenzisa i-bandwidth ngemuvaUkulanda okukhulu, ama-backup amafu, amapulatifomu okusakaza ividiyo, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo kungandisa ithrafikhi futhi kubangele umugqa wamaphakethe. Ngaphambi komdlalo obalulekile ku-inthanethi noma ucingo lwevidiyo olubalulekile, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuthi yini esebenzayo kunethiwekhi yakho.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhetha amaseva, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zivumela khetha ama-node aseduze ngesandla endaweni yakho yezwe. Ukukhetha amaseva endawo noma esifunda kunciphisa ukuhamba kwedatha yebanga, ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuya nokubuya. Lokhu kuyabonakala, isibonelo, emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, izinsizakalo ze-VPN, noma amathuluzi omsebenzi wokubambisana.
Kumanethiwekhi e-WiFi, kungaba usizo kakhulu. shintsha ibhendi yokusakaza kanye nesiteshiIbhendi engu-5 GHz ngokuvamile ayixinene kakhulu futhi inikeza ukubambezeleka okuphansi kune-2,4 GHz, ngezindleko zobubanzi obuncane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha iziteshi ezingaxinene kakhulu (kude nomakhelwane bakho) kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kanye nokushaqeka.
Uma, naphezu kwakho konke, amanani ehlala ephezulu, kuhlale kukhona inketho yokuthi Buza ku-opharetha wakho mayelana nekhwalithi yomzila ohanjwa yithrafikhi yakho. Noma cabanga ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe (isibonelo, ukushintsha kusuka ku-ADSL noma i-satellite uye ku-fiber optics). Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho noma ukushintshela komunye umhlinzeki kunciphisa kakhulu i-ping, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamanethiwekhi amaningi atholakalayo.
Amasu okunciphisa ukubambezeleka kohlangothi lweseva kanye nohlelo lokusebenza
Akuzona zonke izinto ezinqunyelwe kulokho okwenziwa ngumsebenzisi wokugcina. Labo abaphatha amawebhusayithi, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi, noma izinsizakalo zebhizinisi banendawo eyanele yokunciphisa ukubambezeleka okubonwayo. ngokusebenzisa imikhuba emihle yokwakha kanye nentuthuko.
Elinye lamathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu yi- amanethiwekhi okulethwa kokuqukethwe (CDNs)Lezi zingqalasizinda zisabalalisa amakhophi okuqukethwe okungaguquki (izithombe, izikripthi, izitayela, amadokhumenti, njll.) kumaseva atholakala ezifundeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Ngale ndlela, lapho umsebenzisi ecela insiza, uyayithola ku-node eseduze, okunciphisa ibanga kanye nenani lama-hops adingekayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe ama-cache aklanywe kahle, kokubili ohlangothini lweseva kanye nohlangothi lwesiphequluliFuthi kuyasiza ukunciphisa izicelo eziphindaphindwayo futhi kusheshiswe ukulayisha amakhasi. Uma izinsiza ezithile zingakhonzwa kusuka kwimemori noma kwisitoreji sendawo esiseduze esikhundleni sokuzibala kabusha noma ukuzicela kusuka kuseva yokuqala isikhathi ngasinye, isikhathi sokuphendula sehla kakhulu.
Elinye isu elibalulekile ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nenani lezinsiza ezivimba ukwenziwaUkulayisha izikripthi ezithile zeJavaScript ekugcineni, ukunciphisa amashidi esitayela, nokuhlanganisa amafayela noma nini lapho kungenzeka kuvimbela isiphequluli ekulindeni amafayela amakhulu noma amaningi ngokungadingekile ngaphambi kokubonisa okuthile okuwusizo kumsebenzisi.
La Ukulungiswa kwesithombe nokunye okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia Lena enye indawo ebalulekile. Ukucindezela izithombe, ukukhetha amafomethi asebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokunikeza izinqumo ezivumelaniswe nedivayisi yomsebenzisi kunciphisa isikhathi sokulanda kanye nomthelela wokubambezeleka okumaphakathi. Amabhayithi ambalwa okuhambisa asho isikhathi sokulinda esincane.
Ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okuqinile, ungadlala futhi nge ukubambezeleka okubonwayo okubeka phambili okuqukethwe okufanele kakhulu "ngaphezu kokugoqwa"Lokhu kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe umsebenzisi akubonayo ngaphandle kokuskrola (umbhalo oyinhloko, isithombe esiyisihluthulelo, inkinobho yesenzo) kulethwa kuqala, kuyilapho ezinye izinto ezingabalulekile kangako zilayishwa ngemuva noma kusetshenziswa amasu okulayisha avilaphayo.umthwalo ovilaphayo).
Ukubambezeleka ezindaweni zebhizinisi kanye namanethiwekhi ezinkampani
Ezweni lebhizinisi, ukubambezeleka kungaphezu nje kokuphazamiseka: Kungathinta ngqo umkhiqizo, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, kanye nokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.Yingakho izinhlangano eziningi zikuphatha njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile sokusebenza kwengqalasizinda yazo ye-IT.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi ezifana I-ERP, i-CRM, amapulatifomu okubambisana, imihlangano yevidiyo yangaphakathi, amadeskithophu akude, noma izinhlelo zokuqapha Bathembele ezikhathini zokuphendula eziqinile ukuze umsebenzi wansuku zonke uhambe kahle. Uma isenzo ngasinye sibambezeleka, abasebenzi balahlekelwa imizuzu (nesineke) usuku lonke, futhi izinqubo ziba kancane futhi zithambekele kakhulu ekwenzeni amaphutha.
Ezinkampanini ezisebenza kwamanye amazwe, Ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo zamaseva nezikhungo zedatha kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukubambezeleka.Ukusebenzisa ama-node esifunda, ukufaka izinsizakalo emafwini aseduze nabasebenzisi, kanye nokulinganisela imithwalo ezindaweni ezahlukene kuvumela inethiwekhi ukuthi iphendule ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokujezisa amasayithi athile.
Ukuqaliswa kwe- uhlelo lokuphathwa kokuphepha kolwazi oluklanywe kahle (i-SMS) Kuphinde kudlale indima ekubambezelekeni. Ukukhetha amathuluzi okuqapha, ama-firewall, ama-proxies, izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukungena, kanye nezinye izingxenye zokuphepha kumele kulinganise ukuvikelwa nomthelela esikhathini sokuphendula. Amadivayisi angalungiselelwe kahle noma agcwele ngokweqile angangeza ukubambezeleka okungadingekile.
Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi silawulwa, izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha inethiwekhi ngezikhathi ezithileLokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwesivinini, ukuhlaziywa komzila, ukulawulwa kwe-jitter, ukulandelela ukulahleka kwephakethe, kanye nokutholwa kwamaphuzu okuminyana. Lezi zinqubo zivame ukuhlanganiswa emijikelezweni yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo, efana nemodeli eyaziwayo ye-PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) yezindinganiso njenge-ISO 9001.
Ezweni elixhumene kakhulu, lapho sisebenza khona, sidlala, sifunda, futhi senza ibhizinisi ku-inthanethi, ukuqonda ukubambezeleka kanye nokwazi ukuthi singakulawula kanjani kwenza umehluko wangempela: Akukhona nje ukukhokhela ama-megabyte amaningi, kodwa mayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuchofoza ngakunye, igama ngalinye kukholi yevidiyo, noma konke ukuthengiselana kuphenduka impendulo esheshayo, ezinzile, nephephile.kokubili ekhaya nakunoma iyiphi indawo yobungcweti.
