I-macOS bug ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi: izimbangela zangempela nezixazululo

Uma usebenzisa i-Mac nsuku zonke, cishe unomuzwa wokuthi iyisistimu "evikela amabhomu": izinzile, iyashesha, iphephile futhi inamaphutha ambalwa kakhulu Uma kuqhathaniswa neWindows noma i-Android, i-Apple ithole idumela layo amashumi eminyaka, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi i-macOS iphelele. Muva nje, kuye kwavela izinkinga eziningana zokuxhumana ezixakile, futhi eyodwa ikakhulukazi isibe yimbi kakhulu: i-macOS bug eyaziwayo eshiya ikhompyutha ingenalo i-inthanethi ngemva kwezinsuku eziningi iyisebenzisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kwehluleka kwesikhathi eside, kukhona izehlakalo ezivamile kodwa ezicasulayo ngokulinganayoLezi zinkinga zifaka phakathi i-Wi-Fi ebonakala ixhunyiwe kodwa ingalayishi amakhasi, ukungqubuzana nesofthiwe ye-antivirus efana ne-ESET, kanye nemikhawulo ye-macOS Recovery ngokwayo uma ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlanganisa zonke lezi zingcezu: Ngizochaza kahle ukuthi iyini inkinga yezinsuku ezingu-49,7, ukuthi kungani yenzeka, ukuthi ithinta bani ngempela, ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uyivimbele, futhi sizobuyekeza nezinye izizathu ezivamile zokuthi kungani i-Mac ingase ilahlekelwe uxhumano lwayo lwe-inthanethi noma idinge ukuthi ufake kabusha i-macOS ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi.

Umongo omncane: i-macOS, ukuzinza kanye nobuthakathaka bayo (obumbalwa)

I-Apple ibilokhu imakethe yamakhompyutha kusukela maphakathi nawo-70s, ukuqala egalaji nokuhlanganisa amakhompyutha cishe ngesandlakudala ngaphambi kokuba i-iPhone ibuse ukuthengiswa kwayo. Intuthuko enkulu yeza ngo-1984 nge-Macintosh yokuqala, eyadala idumela lokusebenzisa i-graphical interface enegundane namafasitela ngesikhathi iningi labasebenzisi lisabhekene nezikrini ezimnyama ezigcwele umbhalo.

Lezo zinhlelo zakudala zavela zaba yi-Mac OS 9, okokugcina ochungechungeni "lwakudala" ngaphambi koshintsho olukhuluNgo-2001, i-Mac OS X 10.0 yafika, isivele isekelwe ku-Unix, okwakuyindawo yokuqala yalokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-macOS: uhlelo lwesimanje, olusebenza imisebenzi eminingi olunesisekelo esiqinile futhi olwakhelwe kokubili umsebenzisi wasekhaya kanye nochwepheshe.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Apple ikhiphe inguqulo ngenguqulo, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha kwaze kwaba yilapho ifinyelela ezinguqulweni zamanje ze-macOS njenge-Sonoma ne-Sequoia, ngisho nokwakhiwa kwesikhathi esizayo njenge-macOS 26 Tahoe ezinhlotsheni zayo zakamuva. Umyalezo we-Apple ucacile: uhlelo oluzinzile nolusezingeni eliphezulu olunamaphutha ambalwa kakhuluKodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi, nayo inezimfa zayo ezincane, futhi izinkinga zenethiwekhi zingenye yezindawo lapho ibonakala khona kakhulu lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Iphutha eliyimfihlakalo le-macOS elishiye i-inthanethi ingasebenzi izinsuku ezingu-49,7

Ezinyangeni zamuva nje, iqembu labacwaningi abavela eqenjini lobunjiniyela be-Photon libhale ngephutha elimangalisayo: Uma i-Mac esebenzisa i-macOS ihlala ivuliwe ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha cishe izinsuku ezingu-49,7, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kuqala ukuwohloka.Asikhulumi ngento engaqondakali; kuwukuziphatha okuziphinda ngendlela ebikezelwayo futhi okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokwehluleka okuthile kakhulu kwi-network stack yesistimu.

Abakutholile ukuthi, sebefikile cishe cishe Izinsuku ezingama-49, amahora ama-17, imizuzu engama-2 nemizuzwana engama-47 Ngenxa yokuncipha kwesikhathi sokusebenza, amanye ama-Mac awakwazanga ukusungula ukuxhumana okusha kwe-inthanethi. Into exakile ukuthi ikhompyutha yayibonakala isebenza kahle: wawukwazi uku-pin i-Mac ungaphandle bese iphendula, ngakho kwakungeyona inkinga yenethiwekhi noma ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu okuvamile.

Empeleni, okwabonwayo ukuthi Ukuxhumeka okusha kwe-TCP akusakwazi ukuvulwaUkufinyelela kwe-SSH kwehlulekile, izingcingo ze-API bezingathembeki, izicelo eziya kumasevisi angaphandle bezingasebenzi, futhi ama-port ayengasatholakali… kodwa ngaphandle kwesaziso esicacile kumsebenzisi. Kwi-Mac esebenza njengeseva noma esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amahora angama-24 ngosuku, lokhu kungaba yinhlekelele ethule.

Lokhu kuziphatha akubonakali kukhawulelwe enguqulweni eyodwa ethile: kungathinta ukuphindaphinda okuhlukahlukene kwe-macOSKusukela ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini kuya ekwakhiweni kwakamuva, njengoba imvelaphi isengxenyeni yangaphakathi ye-kernel ehlale ifana.

Imbangela yobuchwepheshe: Isibali sikhathi se-TCP, izinombolo eziphelele ezingama-32-bit, kanye nomkhawulo wezinsuku ezingama-49,7

Inkinga enkulu ilele ekutheni i-macOS igcina kanjani isikhathi esitokisini sayo se-TCP. Ngokukhethekile, kukhona ikhawunta yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-tcp_now, esetshenziselwa ukuphatha isikhathi sokuxhumeka kanye nokulinganiswa kwesikhathi okuhlobene ne-TCP.

Leyo khawunta isetshenziswa njenge- inombolo ephelele yama-bit angu-32 engasayiniwe okuthuthuka ngama-millisecond. Okusho ukuthi, kunezela ama-millisecond kusukela lapho uhlelo luqala khona noma kusukela lapho lelo khawunta liqalwa khona. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu elingamelwa yi-integer engasayiniwe engama-32-bit lingu-4.294.967.295 (2³² − 1). Uma sihumusha leyo nombolo ibe yizinsuku zesikhathi:

4.294.967.295 ms ÷ 1000 ÷ 60 ÷ 60 ÷ 24 ≈ izinsuku ezingu-49,7Leso kwakuyisikhathi kanye abacwaningi ababona ngaso lesi silokazane sivela.

Ngomklamo ofanele, lapho ikhawunta ifinyelela leso silinganiso esiphezulu, ukuchichima okulawulwayo: buyela ku-0 bese ucabangela ikhodi eqhathanisa izikhathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-logic luyaziwa futhi lubhalwe phansi ezindinganisweni ezifana ne-RFC 7323, elawula isikhathi se-TCP kanye nezandiso zokuphathwa kwewindi.

Inkinga ku-macOS ukuthi, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwethimba le-Photon, Ukusetshenziswa kwendinganiso ye-TCP akuphathi kahle lokho kusetha kabusha okuphikisayo.Esikhundleni sokumane usethe kabusha ku-zero bese uqhubeka nokusebenza, ikhodi ibonakala "iyishaya indiva" imikhawulo futhi yenza ukuqhathanisa kwesikhathi okungaba yize uma sekuvele ukugcwala. Kunjengokungathi, ngesikhathi esithile, isikhathi siyama izingxenye ze-TCP logic.

Umphumela? Kusukela lapho, Ukuqhathanisa isikhathi akusekho ukwethembekaUkuphathwa kokuxhumeka okusha kuyaphela futhi i-network stack ingena esimweni lapho isasabela khona kwezinye izinto (njenge-pings) kodwa ayikwazi ukusungula ukuxhumana okusha ngokujwayelekile.

Iphutha elijwayelekile lokugcwala… esesilibonile kakade ku-Windows 95/98

Into ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngakho konke lokhu ukuthi akusikho okokuqala ngqa ukuthi kubonakale iphutha elinjalo. Emuva enkathini ye-Windows 95 kanye ne-Windows 98, Kube nephutha elifanayo kakhulu elixhunywe nezinsuku ezingu-49,7 zesikhathi sokusebenzaKuleso simo, inkinga yayiku-millisecond counter ye-core engu-32-bit, nayo efinyelele umkhawulo ongu-2³² − 1 futhi yagcwala kakhulu.

Lapho efika kulelo qophelo, ukuziphatha kohlelo kwaba okungalindelekileUkuphahlazeka, izinkinga zokuzinza, ukwehluleka kwenethiwekhi okungajwayelekile kanye nohlelo lokusebenza okwakuncike kuleso sikhathi. Cishe sekuyinto yezobuchwepheshe: emashumini eminyaka kamuva, uhlobo olufanayo lokwehluleka luphinde luvele ohlelweni lwesimanje nolunedumela elihle njenge-macOS.

Esimweni esithile se-macOS, i-bug ihlotshaniswa ne- i-tcp_now variable ngaphakathi kwe-kernel Inkinga isekutheni indlela ejwayelekile ye-RFC 7323 esetshenziswa ngayo. Ngokusho kolwazi oluhlanganyelwe, i-macOS ihlanza noma ihlola ukuxhumana okuthile kwe-TCP njalo ngemizuzwana engama-30, futhi uma izinsuku ezingama-49,7 zesikhathi sokusebenza sezidluliwe, lokhu kucabanga kuyaphela ngenxa yokuqhathanisa isikhathi okungaphathwanga kahle. Yingakho uhlelo lubonakala luxhunyiwe kodwa alukwazi ukuqala ukuxhumana okusha.

Ngakho-ke, sibhekene ne- iphutha elijwayelekile lokugcwala kwenani eliphelele endaweni yesimanje, kanye nenkinga eyengeziwe yokuthi ithinta uhlelo lapho abasebenzisi belindele khona ukuzinza okucishe kube okuphelele.

Yini ngempela ephukayo lapho kuvela i-bug yezinsuku ezingu-49,7?

Lesi siphazamisi asiziphathi njengokuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi okuvamile. Akukhona ukuthi i-Wi-Fi iyanqamuka noma ukuthi isithonjana soxhumano siyanyamalala.Eqinisweni, ezingeni lesixhumi esibonakalayo, konke kungase kusabonakala kujwayelekile: uphawu lwe-Wi-Fi lusasebenza, ikheli le-IP lisabelwe, futhi uhlelo luzophendula ngisho nakuma-ping.

Okuphazamisayo ukuphathwa kwangaphakathi kwe- ukuxhumana okusha kwe-TCPEmpeleni, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi:

• Ukuxhumana okukhona kungahlala kusebenza okwesikhashana, uma nje zingavali.
• Ukuxhumeka okusha kwe-TCP sekuqala ukwehluleka noma azikasungulwa.
• Amanye ama-port ayayeka ukuphendula noma ngabe isevisi ibonakala ivuliwe.
• Izicelo ze-DNSUkuxhumeka kwe-API noma izicelo zewebhu kuyayeka ukuxazulula kahle.

Kuseva ye-macOS, i-Mac mini, noma i-Mac Studio esetshenziswa njengomshini we-CI/CD, lokhu kwehluleka kusho ukuthi Izinsizakalo zingase zibonakale "zibukhoma" ngaphandle, kodwa azamukeli ukuxhumana okusha.Kuhunyushwe ngamagama avamile: ukuphahlazeka kwewebhusayithi okuthule, ama-API angaphenduli, okuzenzakalelayo okuma ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, noma izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ezima lapho ungalindele khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba uhlelo lungabonisi imiyalezo ecacile yamaphutha ehlobene nesiphazamisi, Kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthola imbangela eyinhloko uma ungaqapheli ngalesi sikhathi futhi ungaqapheli ngokusobala isikhathi sokusebenza kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuziphatha kwayo.

Ubani ngempela othinteka yiphutha le-inthanethi le-macOS lezinsuku ezingu-49?

Into yokuqala okufanele icaciswe ukuthi le nkinga Akuvamile ukuthinta umsebenzisi ojwayelekile we-MacIningi labantu livala noma liqalise kabusha ikhompyutha yabo izikhathi eziningana ngenyanga, noma okungenani liyibuyekeze njalo, okusetha kabusha ikhawunta yesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphambi kokufinyelela lezo zinsuku ezicishe zibe ngu-50 zilandelana.

Lapho kuba yingozi enkulu khona kusezindaweni imishini ivuliwe njalo, isibonelo:

• I-Mac mini isetshenziswa njengamasevakungakhathaliseki ukuthi ekhaya noma emabhizinisini amancane.
• I-Mac Studio ezindaweni zobungcwetiizindawo zokusebenza ezingavami ukuvalwa.
• Imishini enikezelwe ku-CI/CD, ukuzenzekela noma ukucubungula okuqhubekayo yemisebenzi.
• Izindawo zokuthuthukiswa noma zokukhiqiza lapho i-Mac isebenza njenge-node yenethiwekhi ehlala njalo.

Kulezi zimo, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza se-macOS sidlule izinsuku ezingama-50 ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha, ikakhulukazi uma umphathi ethemba ukuthi uhlelo luzinzile futhi egwema ukuvala okungadingekile. Yilapho kanye lapho i-bug ivele khona futhi ingakushiya uneseva "ye-zombie".: kubonakala sengathi iyasebenza, kodwa ayinawo amandla okuphatha ukuxhumana okusha kwenethiwekhi.

Kubasebenzisi abavula nje i-laptop yabo, basebenze, bavale isivalo, futhi babuyekeze i-macOS uma kudingeka, Amathuba okuhlangana nalesi siphazamisi aphansi kakhuluIzibuyekezo zesistimu kanye nokuqalisa kabusha okuhleliwe kusebenza njengohlobo lwe-"de facto patch," yize inkinga eyisisekelo ye-kernel isekhona.

Ingabe ikhona i-Apple patch esemthethweni yalesi siphazamisi okwamanje?

Kusukela ngosuku lolwazi olutholakalayo, I-Apple ayikakhiphi i-patch ebhalwe phansi ngokusemthethweni elungisa ngokusobala iphutha lezinsuku ezingu-49,7. ku-stack ye-macOS TCP. Lokhu kuziphatha kuye kwabonwa, kwalinganiswa, futhi kwaphawulwa ngakho ngabathuthukisi nonjiniyela, kodwa akuqashelwa kumanothi okukhishwa komphakathi njengobuthakathaka.

Kubasebenzisi abaningi basekhaya, lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu, ngoba akuvamile ukuthi bafinyelele isikhathi esidingekayo sokuqala iphutha. Kodwa ezindaweni zobungcweti kanye namaseva, Ukungabikho kwesixazululo esisemthethweni kusiphoqa ukuthi sisebenzise izindlela zokuvimbela. ukugwema umthelela.

Kuze kube yilapho kukhona isibuyekezo esithinta ngqo leyo ngxenye ye-kernel kanye ne-tcp_now variable, inkinga ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengexazululiwe ezingeni lesistimukungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izinguqulo ezintsha ze-macOS ezifaka okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi noma ukulungiswa okuvamile.

Isixazululo samanje: Qala kabusha futhi uhlele ukuqala kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile

Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kungakhululekile, namuhla ikhambi eliwukuphela kwalo elithembekile neliqinisekisiwe lilula njengoba liphoqelela: qala kabusha i-Mac yakho ngokupheleleUkuqalisa kabusha okuhlanzekile kusetha kabusha ikhawunta ye-tcp_now, kusule isimo se-TCP stack, futhi kubuyisele ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ezindaweni lapho i-Mac isebenza njengeseva noma uhlelo olubucayi, isincomo esisebenzayo yilesi Gada isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu bese uhlela ukuqala kabusha ngaphambi kokufinyelela umkhawulo wezinsuku ezingu-49Isibonelo, ukuqala kabusha njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-30 noma ezingu-40 kungase kwanele ukugwema ngokuphelele indawo eyingozi.

Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngezikripthi, amathuluzi okuphatha kude, noma ngisho nangokusebenzisa amafasitela okulungisa ahleliwe. Umqondo uwukuthi ukuqala kabusha kuba yingxenye yenqubo futhi akukubambi ungalindele lapho ikhawunta isondela ezinsukwini ezingu-49,7.

Kuze kube yilapho i-Apple ikhipha i-patch ethile, Lesi sixazululo sokuvimbela singcono kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhiqizaKungase kube yinto ecasulayo ukufaka ukuqalisa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile ezinhlelweni ezingase zihlale izinyanga, kodwa kungcono kunokubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwesevisi buthule phakathi nosuku olubucayi.

Ingabe inkinga yezokuphepha noma inkinga nje yokuzinza?

Ngokusekelwe kolwazi lwamanje, lesi siphazamisi sibhekwa kakhulu inkinga yokuzinza kwenethiwekhi nokuthembeka kwayoAkuyona ingozi evamile yokuphepha engasetshenziswa. Akukabonakali ukuthi umhlaseli angayisebenzisa ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze asebenzise ikhodi, andise amalungelo, noma afinyelele ulwazi oluyimfihlo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, ezindaweni zokukhiqiza umthelela ungafana no- isimo sokwenqatshwa kwenkonzo (DoS)Uma izinsizakalo zakho ziyeka ukwamukela ukuxhumana okusha ngoba uhlelo seludlule lezo zinsuku ezingu-49,7 zokusebenza, umphumela kubasebenzisi ekugcineni uba sengathi kube nokuhlaselwa okuwise inethiwekhi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkinga ze-macOS, Ingozi enkulu lapha isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenkonzo.hhayi ukuvuza kwedatha. Yingakho okubalulekile ukuqapha, ukuhlela ukuqalisa kabusha, futhi, uma i-Apple isilungisile, ngokushesha isebenzise ama-patches athinta i-kernel kanye ne-TCP stack.

Ezinye izinkinga ezivamile ze-macOS ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi: I-Wi-Fi ixhunyiwe kodwa akukho ukufinyelela

Ngale kwephutha lezinsuku ezingu-49,7, abasebenzisi abaningi bayabika Izinkinga ze-Wi-Fi ku-macOS lapho uxhumano lubonakala lusebenza kodwa kungekho i-inthanethi yangempela.Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amakhompyutha asanda kwenziwa (ngemuva kuka-2018) ngemva kokubukezwa ezinguqulweni ezifana ne-macOS Sonoma noma i-Sequoia.

Kulezi zimo, imbangela akuyona njalo inkinga yesistimu yokusebenza, kodwa ukungqubuzana nesofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu njenge-antivirus, ama-firewall, noma ama-VPN. Enye yezinto ezivame ukukhulunywa ngayo muva nje yi-ESET, lapho isihlungi senethiwekhi singaphazamisa ukuxhumana okungenantambo ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuthile kwesistimu.

Uma kwenzeka, uphawu lufana kakhulu: Isithonjana se-Wi-Fi sibonisa ukuthi uxhumeke kunethiwekhi, kodwa iziphequluli nezinhlelo zokusebenza azilayishi okuqukethwe.Ngisho nokushintsha amanethiwekhi noma ukuqala kabusha i-router akuxazululi inkinga, okusenza sisole inkinga ngaphakathi kwe-Mac uqobo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufaka kabusha uhlelo noma ukushintsha ama-router, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuthi unayo yini i-antivirus noma ithuluzi lokuphepha elifakiwe elingase lihlunge ithrafikhi ngendlela enamandla noma engahambisani nenguqulo yamanje ye-macOS.

Izinkinga ze-Wi-Fi nge-ESET ku-macOS nokuthi ungazixazulula kanjani

I-antivirus ye-ESET ifaka ingxenye yokuhlunga inethiwekhi, ngokombono, Hlaziya ithrafikhi ukuze wandise ukuphephaInkinga ukuthi, ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwamuva kwe-macOS, lesi sihlungi singangqubuzana ne-network stack futhi sibangele ukuthi uhlelo lungaphathi kahle amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi, ikakhulukazi kumakhompyutha akhishwe ngemva kuka-2018.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okunconywa ochwepheshe abaningi ukuthi Khubaza okwesikhashana isihlungi senethiwekhi ye-ESET kusuka kokuncamelayo kwenethiwekhi ku-macOS. Ezinguqulweni lapho isabonakala khona njengesandiso, ungaya ku-System Preferences (noma ku-System Settings) > Network, ubheke isigaba sezihlungi bese uthola okufakiwe "kwe-ESET Network".

Uma ukukhubaza leso sihlungi noma ukusisusa ohlwini kubuyisela uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi esimweni esijwayelekile, uzobe usuyibonile ngokucacile imbangela yokwehlulekaUkusuka lapho, into ehlakaniphile kakhulu ongayenza ngokuvamile ukukhipha ngokuphelele i-ESET bese ufaka kabusha inguqulo yakamuva ehambisana nenguqulo yakho ye-macOS.

Ukuze ukhiphe i-ESET kahle, udinga ukuya kufolda yezinhlelo zokusebenza, uthole i-antivirus, Vula okuqukethwe kwephakheji bese usebenzisa i-uninstaller okutholakala ku-Okuqukethwe > Abasizi. Ngemva kokuqala kabusha i-Mac yabo, abasebenzisi abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthinta noma yini enye.

Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi inkinga isinyamalele, ungakwazi Faka kabusha i-ESET ngokulanda inguqulo yakamuva kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.Qiniseka ukuthi iyahambisana nenguqulo ethile ye-macOS (14, 15, noma inguqulo ehambisanayo). Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuthi ingxabano yenethiwekhi iphinde ivele.

Ezinye izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi eziwusizo: ikheli le-MAC eliyimfihlo ku-macOS Sequoia

Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi nge-macOS Sequoia 15.1, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi lukhona kodwa Akukho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kwangempela kuziphequluli noma izinhlelo zokusebenzaFuthi inkinga akuyona i-router noma i-antivirus.

Isixazululo esisodwa esisebenzele abasebenzisi abaningana siqukethe: Shintsha izilungiselelo zekheli le-Wi-Fi MAC kusuka ku-fixed (static) kuya ku-rotation noma i-privatei-macOS ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamakheli e-MAC angahleliwe ukuthuthukisa ubumfihlo nokuvimbela ukulandelwa kwenethiwekhi ehlukahlukene.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya kuzilungiselelo zesistimu > Inethiwekhi, khetha i-Wi-Fi ohlwini lwezixhumi, faka imininingwane yenethiwekhi ethile, bese Bheka inketho ethi "Sebenzisa ikheli le-Wi-Fi langasese" noma into efanayoNgokushintsha kusuka ekhelini le-IP elihleliwe uye kweliyimfihlo/elijikelezayo bese uxhuma kabusha kunethiwekhi, ezimweni eziningi ukufinyelela i-inthanethi kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Lokhu kulungiselelwa kubonakala sengathi kuxazulula izingxabano ezithile nama-router athile noma ukucushwa kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthinta noma yini ngomhlinzeki we-inthanethi noma ihadiweKuyindlela esheshayo okufanele uyizame uma i-Wi-Fi yakho ithi ixhunyiwe kodwa awukwazi ukuphequlula i-inthanethi.

Faka kabusha i-macOS ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi: Izinketho lapho ukululama ku-inthanethi kwehluleka

Uma izinkinga zenethiwekhi ziba zimbi kakhulu noma uhlelo luqala ukusebenza ngendlela engajwayelekile, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukufaka kabusha i-macOS. Indlela ejwayelekile ye-Apple isekelwe ku i-macOS Recovery, elanda amafayela okufaka kumaseva e-Apple uma uqala imodi yokutakula.

Inkinga ivela ngqo lapho, Awunawo uxhumano lwe-inthanethi noma aluzinzile kakhuluKulezi zimo, ukululama ku-inthanethi kuyahluleka noma kuyama, futhi kubonakala sengathi ayikho indlela yokufaka kabusha uhlelo. Ngenhlanhla, kungenzeka ukwenza lokho ngaphandle kokuthembela kunethiwekhi kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela.

Indlela ewusizo kakhulu ukudala i-bootable USB installer ngenguqulo ye-macOS oyithandayo (isibonelo, i-Sonoma noma i-Ventura). Lesi sifaki sikuvumela ukuthi uvule i-Mac yakho kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB bese ufaka kabusha uhlelo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulanda noma yini phakathi nenqubo, uma nje usuyilungisile idrayivu kusengaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona indlela yokukwenza ukutakula kwendawo Lokhu kuyasebenza ngokubamba u-Command + R ngenkathi uqala i-Mac (kumamodeli e-Intel), okukuvumela ukuthi weqe i-Internet Recovery uma ingxenye yokutakula isivele itholakala kudiski. Noma kunjalo, indlela ye-USB ebhuthwayo ihlala iyinketho enamandla kakhulu uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kabusha akuxhomekile ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi.

Indlela yokudala idrayivu ye-USB ye-macOS ebhuthwayo bese uyifaka kabusha ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi

Ukuze ulungiselele isifaki se-macOS USB udinga i-flash drive okungenani engu-16 GB, kufomethwe ku-Mac OS Extended (noma ngabe uzoyifaka kamuva ku-APFS). Inqubo ejwayelekile imi kanje:

Okokuqala, landa isifaki senguqulo ye-macOS oyifunayo (isibonelo, i-Sonoma noma i-Ventura) kusuka ku-App Store. Uma ukulanda sekuqediwe, Uvala isifaki ngaphandle kokusisebenzisa ukuze igcinwe kufolda yezinhlelo zokusebenza njengo-"Faka i-macOS…".

Bese uxhuma idrayivu yakho ye-USB efomethiwe, uvule uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Terminal, bese usebenzisa umyalo createinstallmedia okuhambisanayo, into efana nalokhu:

sudo /Izicelo/Ukufaka\ macOS\ Ventura.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia –volume/Volumes/MyVolume (ukushintsha igama elithi "MyVolume" libe yigama langempela ledrayivu ye-USB).

Ngemva kokufaka iphasiwedi yakho nokulinda inqubo ukuthi ikopishe wonke amafayela, uzoba ne- i-USB ebhuthwayo ilungele ukusetshenziswaUkusuka lapho, izinyathelo ziyashintsha kancane kuye ngohlobo lwe-Mac onayo.

Kuma-Mac ane-Intel processors, ufaka idrayivu ye-USB, uvule ikhompyutha, bese Cindezela inkinobho ethi Option (Alt) Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, linda uze ubone isikrini sokukhetha idiski. Lapho, khetha idrayivu ye-USB njengediski yakho yokuqalisa bese ulandela imiyalelo ethi "Faka i-macOS".

Kuma-Mac ane-Apple Silicon (M1, M2, M3, njll.), ubamba phansi inkinobho yamandla Qala ikhompyutha bese ulinda kuze kuvele iwindi lezinketho zokuqalisa. Bese ukhetha idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo bese uqhubeka nesifaki.

Le ndlela ivumela Faka kabusha i-macOS ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-inthanethiuma nje idrayivu ye-USB isivele ilungisiwe. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kumakhompyutha anezinkinga zenethiwekhi, ezindaweni ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, noma lapho ukubuyiselwa kwe-inthanethi kuholela emaphutheni aphindaphindwayo.

Indlela yokuvikela idatha yakho lapho ufaka kabusha i-macOS ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi

Ngaphambi kokufaka kabusha uhlelo, nge-inthanethi noma ngaphandle kwayo, kuyalulekwa ukucabanga ukuthi Kukhona ingozi yokulahleka kwedatha Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle noma unquma ukusula idiski, kungcono ukuthi uhlale unekhophi yasenqolobaneni yakamuva, kungaba nge-Time Machine noma esinye isisombululo sesipele.

Uma usuphuzile kakhulu futhi usuvele ulahlekelwe idatha ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka kabusha, usengasebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile yokuthola idatha njenge-EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard ye-Mac. Lezi zinhlobo zamathuluzi ziskena idiski ukuze zithole amafayela asusiwe noma izingxenye ezonakele, futhi ezimweni eziningi, zikuvumela ukuthi uthole amadokhumenti, izithombe, nokunye okuqukethwe.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njenge-EaseUS, zikuvumela nokuthi udale eyodwa isithombe sesipele sediski Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, dala isithombe esisha ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza kuso esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokusebenza kudiski eyonakele. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokubhala kabusha idatha esakwazi ukutholakala.

Umsebenzi ojwayelekile uhilela ukukhetha idiski ethintekile, yenza ukuskena okujulile Bese, hlunga ngohlobo lwefayela noma indlela ukuze uthole okudingayo. Uma amafayela esetholakele, khetha indawo ephephile (enye idiski noma idrayivu yangaphandle) ukuze ulondoloze idatha ebuyiselwe.

Nakuba kungekho thuluzi eliqinisekisa ukululama okuphelele, Le ndlela ingagcina idatha eningi ngemuva kokufakwa kabusha okuyinkimbinkimbiikakhulukazi uma inkinga ibangelwa ukwehluleka kwenethiwekhi noma ukucima kukagesi ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Ekugcineni, konke esikubonile kuncike eqinisweni lokuthi i-macOS iyisistimu eqinile kakhulu, kodwa ayiyona engenaphutha: Ungase ulahlekelwe uxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi ngenxa yephutha lesikhathi ngemva kokuvulwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-50, ukungqubuzana nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane njenge-ESET, izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezingezinhle, noma ukulinganiselwa kwe-Online Recovery uqobo.Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ngokubona kusengaphambili okuncane (ukuqala kabusha njalo, ukuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza, ukucushwa kwe-Wi-Fi okufanele, ama-backups, kanye ne-USB drive ebhuthwayo), kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukunciphisa umthelela walezi zinkinga nokugcina i-Mac yakho ixhunyiwe futhi isebenza ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.